卧式蒸炒锅在油厂的应用

卧式蒸炒锅是回转筒干燥机的一种，回转筒干燥机是一种比较古老的大型干燥设备，利用筒体回转和空气对流方式输送并干燥物料，处理量大，但在热风温度不高时热效率较低，后来出现了多种形式的改进型结构，其中有筒体内加装管束，利用蒸汽间接加热的干燥机，热效率大幅提升，*早在上个世纪三十年代被用在纯碱工业上，后来又被应用在聚酯工业、粮油工业上。在低消耗、大流量干燥物料方面显示出了巨大生命力。为了区别普通对流式回转筒干燥机，该机称为蒸汽加热管式回转筒干燥机，英文名：Rotary cylinder dryer with Steam tube ，国外常称为Rotary Dryer.在我国纯碱行业，习惯称为蒸汽煅烧炉,在油脂行业有的用于油料的调质，俗称为管束调质器，也有用于油籽的蒸炒，俗称为卧式蒸炒锅。

Horizontal steam cooker is a kind of rotary drum dryer. Rotary drum dryer is rather old large-scale drying equipment, which uses cylinder rotation and air convection to transport and dry materials. The processing capacity is large, but the thermal efficiency is low when the hot air temperature is not high. Later, various types of improved structures appeared, one of which was the installation of tube bundles in the cylinder and using indirect heating of steam,the dryer improved the thermal efficiency greatly . It was first used in the soda industry in the 1930s and later in the polyester industry and the grain and oil industry.It shows great vitality in terms of low consumption and large flow of dry materials. In order to distinguish ordinary convection rotary dryer, this machine is called steam heating tube rotary dryer, English name: Rotary cylinder dryer with Steam tube, often called Rotary Dryer abroad.In China's soda ash industry, it is used to be called a steam roaster; in the oil industry, some are used for conditioning of oil seeds, commonly known as tube bundle conditioners, and some are used for steam cooking of oil seeds, commonly known as horizontal steam cooker.

我国油脂行业，*台大型的卧式蒸炒锅1996年用于东海粮油榨油一厂，直径3米，长18米，设备代号：RD202，由美国安德森（Anderson）公司设计、国内制造，动力75KW，日处理菜籽量1500~2000吨。油脂行业用于大豆调质的大型旋转干燥机由比利时迪斯美公司使用在冷脱皮工艺上，两台管束调质器，2004年安装在广州植之元5000TPD大豆压榨线上。卧式蒸炒锅与立式蒸炒锅相比，处理量大、热效率高、动力消耗低、操作简单。2004年后，益海、中粮菜籽压榨项目选用的都是卧式蒸炒锅。由迪斯美公司承包的邦基在东莞的菜籽油厂，也是采用的卧式蒸炒锅，直径2.7米，长16米，迪斯美设计，国内制造。

In China's oil industry, the first large-scale horizontal steam cooker was used in the Eastocean   grains and oils company Pressing Plant **** in 1996. It was 3 meters in diameter and 18 meters in length. The equipment code:RD202. It was designed by American company Anderson, made in China,with the power 75KW, and the daily processing capacity for rapeseed 1500 ~ 2000 tons. The large-scale rotary dryer used for soybean conditioning in the oil industry was used by the Belgian company Desmet for the cold peeling technology. Two sets of tube bundle conditioners were installed in the Guangzhou Zhizhiyuan 5000TPD soybean pressing line in 2004. Compared with vertical steam cooker, horizontal steam cooker has large processing capacity, high thermal efficiency, low power consumption and easy operation. After 2004, both Yihai Kerry and COFCO’s rapeseed pressing projects chose horizontal steam cooker. Bunge’s rapeseed oil factory in Dongguan , contracted by Desmet, also used horizontal steam cooker,with dia 2.7M and 16M length. It was designed by Desmet and made in China.

我国聚酯行业应用蒸汽管回转筒干燥机技术始于70年代，由燕山石化引进德国产品，用在PTA和TA干燥上，由于国内聚酯行业的快速发展，截至1992年，国内大化工企业引进蒸汽管回转筒干燥机近20套，促进了该技术在国内的推广应用。在我国粮油行业，国内自主研发开始较晚，直到90年代末期，国内开发的蒸汽管回转筒干燥机才开始装备粮油加工企业，目前，国内已完全掌握了这种干燥机的设计、制造技术，*近在中粮广东产业园菜籽压榨项目上，直径3.3米，长20米的卧式蒸炒锅国产化设备己经安装在2000TPD菜籽生产线上。

The application of steam tube rotary drum dryer technology in China's polyester industry began in the 1970s. German products were introduced   by Yanshan Petrochemical, used in PTA and TA drying, Due to the rapid development of the domestic polyester industry, until 1992, domestic large chemical companies introduced nearly 20 sets of steam tube rotary drum dryers. promote the popularization and application of this technology in China. In China's cereals and oils industry, domestic independent research and development started later, It was not until the late 1990s that the steam tube rotary drum dryer developed in China began to be equipped in cereals and oils processing enterprises. At present, China has fully mastered the design and manufacturing technology of such dryer. Recently, in the COFCO Guangdong Industrial Park rapeseed pressing project, domestic horizontal steam cooker with 3.3-meter diameter, 20-meter length   has been installed in the 2000TPD rapeseed production line.

基本工作原理Basic working principle

卧式蒸炒锅的结构与回转圆筒干燥器的结构基本相似，其主要区别在于回转圆筒干燥器采用热空气为介质以热对流方式对物料加热干燥，卧式蒸炒锅则利用转筒内管束间接蒸汽以热传导方式对物料加热。卧式蒸炒锅的主要部分为一个与水平线略呈倾斜的旋转圆筒，物料从转筒较高的一端进入，与转筒内固定加热蒸汽管束接触，随着圆筒的旋转，物料受自身重力和抄板的作用下流向较低的一端。卧式蒸炒锅组成包括转筒筒体、加热装置、支承装置、传动装置等。

The structure of horizontal steam cooker   is basically similar to that of rotary cylinder dryer. The main difference is that the rotary cylinder dryer uses hot air as the medium to heat and dry the materials in the way of heat convection, while the horizontal steam cooker uses the indirect steam of tube bundle in the rotary cylinder to heat the materials in the way of heat conduction. The main part of the horizontal steam cooker   is a rotary cylinder slightly inclined to the horizontal line. The material enters from the higher end of the rotary cylinder and contacts with the fixed heating steam tube bundle in the rotary cylinder. With the rotation of the cylinder, the material flows to the lower end under the action of its own gravity and the plate. The horizontal steam cooker consists of a rotating barrel, a heating device, a supporting device, a driving device, etc.

主要特点Main features

与立式蒸炒锅相比，卧式蒸炒锅的*大优点是处理量大、节省能源、出料匀称。以Ø3000×18米的卧式蒸炒锅为例，配用电机功率75KW，用于软化大豆，处理量为2500t/d；用于菜籽蒸炒，处理量为1200t/d。而相同处理量如采用Φ2100五层立式蒸炒锅需配置20台以上，每台电机功率30KW，总装机容量达600KW。卧式蒸炒锅的传热面是筒体内部的管束，整个筒体除滚圈、齿圈外均包有保温层，整台设备只需一只疏水器，蒸汽凝结水便于回收利用。而立式蒸炒锅的传热面是锅底加热层板与加热蒸汽外包层，每层均设有疏水器，立式蒸炒锅的热利用效率明显低于卧式炒锅。在立式蒸炒锅内，四周物料运动线速度快，中央物料运动线速度慢，通常上层润湿水分超过14%，锅内即出现大的团块；而卧式炒锅润湿水分可以达到18%以上，抄板不断将物料翻动、抛散，物料无结团现象，因此，卧式蒸炒锅更适合用于高水分蒸炒工艺。

Compared with the vertical steam cooker, the biggest advantage of the horizontal steaming cooker is its large processing capacity, energy saving, and uniform output. Take the horizontal steaming cooker of Ø3000 × 18 meters as an example, equipped with a motor whose power is 75KW, itf it is used to soften soybeans, its processing capacity is 2500t/d; if it is used for steam cooking of rapeseed , its processing capacity is 1200t/d. For the same processing capacity, if the Φ2100 five-layer vertical steaming cooker is used, more than 20 sets, the power of each motor   is 30KW, and the total installed capacity is 600KW. The heat transfer surface of the horizontal steam cooker is the tube bundle inside the barrel. The entire barrel is covered with heat insulation layer except the rolling ring and gear ring. The whole equipment only needs one steam trap, and the steam condensate is easy to recycle. The heat transfer surface of the vertical steaming cooker is the bottom heating layer of the cooker and the outer layer of the heating steam. Each layer is equipped with a steam trap. The heat utilization efficiency of the vertical steaming cooker is significantly lower than horizontal cooker. In the vertical steaming cooker, the movement speed of the surrounding materials is fast, and the speed of the central material is slow. Generally,   the moisture on upper layer is more than 14%, and large lumps appear in the cooker; while the moisture in the horizontal cooker can reach more than 18%, the stirring board continuously flips and throws the material, and the material has no agglomeration. Therefore, the horizontal steam cooker is more suitable for the high moisture steaming process.

常见问题Common Problem:

震动和噪音：由于设备制作精度与现场安装质量的原因，常会造成滚圈圆整度不够，滚圈与齿圈不同心，引起设备跳动和出现噪音。

Vibration and noise: Due to the accuracy of the equipment manufacture   and the quality of on-site installation, the roundness of the roller ring is often insufficient, the roller ring and the gear ring are not concentric, causing the device to jump and noise.

进汽头漏蒸汽：由于进汽管接头是旋转的，普遍采用的是球面密封。管球在接触到高温蒸汽和水后，很容易产生锈斑。旋转接头在转动的情况下，密封接触的地方是不会生锈的。长期的不转动就会生锈，造成密封处有锈斑和锈坑。特别是一些工厂由于菜籽和大豆轮榨，蒸炒锅有时停机长期不用，就会出现进汽头的漏汽。

Inlet steam leakage: Since the inlet pipe joint is rotary, the spherical seal is commonly used. After contacting high-temperature steam and water, the tube bulb is easy to rust. When the rotary joint rotates, sealed and contact place will not rust. Long-term non-rotation will rust, resulting in rust spots and pits in the seal. Especially in some factories, due to the rapeseed and soybean take turns to be pressed, steam cooker are sometimes shut down for a long time, and there will be steam leakage at the steam inlet.

转载自油脂工程师之家